{"id":51288,"date":"2025-05-22T12:24:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T11:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cram.org\/?p=51288"},"modified":"2025-05-22T12:24:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T11:24:57","slug":"tortugues-marines-macroplastic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cram.org\/ca\/tortugues-marines-macroplastic\/","title":{"rendered":"El 88% de les tortugues marines presenten macropl\u00e0stic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Resultats del sis\u00e8 any de l\u2019estudi per a con\u00e8ixer l\u2019estat de contaminaci\u00f3 marina amb la tortuga marina com a bioindicador realitzat gr\u00e0cies a la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de Laboratoires SVR.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

Durant l\u2019any 2024 han estat ateses, des de l\u2019\u00c0rea de Cl\u00ednica i Rescat de la Fundaci\u00f3 CRAM, un total de 56 tortugues marines totes de l\u2019esp\u00e8cie Caretta caretta. D\u2019aquestes, s\u2019han obtingut un total de 42 mostres, entre femtes i contingut digestiu, apareixent pl\u00e0stic a nivell macrosc\u00f2pic en el 88% de les mostres analitzades.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e0cies al gran volum de tortugues marines i a la implicaci\u00f3 i inter\u00e8s en la conservaci\u00f3 marina, la Fundaci\u00f3 CRAM obt\u00e9 una valuosa informaci\u00f3 sobre l\u2019estat de contaminaci\u00f3 del mar. \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que ens trobem davant del sis\u00e8 any de l\u2019estudi per con\u00e8ixer l\u2019estat de contaminaci\u00f3 marina del Mediterrani amb la tortuga marina com a bioindicador, realitzat amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de Laboratoires SVR. A l\u2019estudi s\u2019analitza la pres\u00e8ncia de pl\u00e0stic de les tortugues marines que ingressen en el Centre de Recuperaci\u00f3 de la Fundaci\u00f3 CRAM: s\u2019analitzen les seves femtes, el contingut digestiu en el cas de les necr\u00f2psies i el n\u00famero d\u2019animals entortolligats en brossa marina.<\/p>\n

Las tortugas marinas, debido a su amplia distribuci\u00f3n y a su interacci\u00f3n con distintos h\u00e1bitats marinos, tienden a ingerir desechos pl\u00e1sticos o quedar atrapadas en ellos. Al utilizar todos los compartimentos del oc\u00e9ano, desde el fondo hasta la superficie, se consideran un bioindicador clave del nivel de contaminaci\u00f3n en los mares.<\/p>\n

Cal destacar que les tortugues marines, a causa de la seva \u00e0mplia distribuci\u00f3 i a la seva interacci\u00f3 amb diferents h\u00e0bitats marins, tendeixen a ingerir residus pl\u00e0stics o quedar entortolligades en ells. En utilitzar tots els compartiments de l’oce\u00e0, des del fons fins a la superf\u00edcie, es consideren un bioindicador clau del nivell de contaminaci\u00f3 als mars.<\/p>\n

Durant l\u2019any 2024, s\u2019ha analitzat un total de 37 mostres de femtes de tortuga marina en recuperaci\u00f3 i en el 86% d\u2019aquestes han aparegut restes de pl\u00e0stic, sent el m\u00e9s habitual el tipus l\u00e0mina (42.2%), seguit de fragments pl\u00e0stics (11.1%) i de filaments (8.9%).<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 s\u2019han obtingut mostres de les 6 necr\u00f2psies a tortugues marines realitzades en el 2024, trobant-se restes de pl\u00e0stic en 5 d\u2019elles. L’acumulaci\u00f3 de pl\u00e0stics al tracte digestiu no va ser la causa directa de la mort d’aquests individus, per\u00f2 en diversos casos s\u00ed va provocar enteritis severa, el que produeix dolor, anor\u00e8xia i compromet immunol\u00f2gicament l’animal. En el cas de la pacient 55 es van trobar grans quantitats de pl\u00e0stic a l’est\u00f3mac que, durant els m\u00e9s de tres mesos que va romandre al centre, no va expulsar a trav\u00e9s de femta. Troballa que suggereix que algunes tortugues, tot i tenir pl\u00e0stic en el seu tracte digestiu, no aconsegueixen eliminar-lo de forma natural, fet que pot agreujar notablement els seus problemes de salut.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 han estat ateses 3 tortugues marines amb entortolligaments en alguna de les seves aletes, sent necess\u00e0ria l\u2019amputaci\u00f3 en 2 dels casos. \u00c9s fonamental que, en el cas de trobar-se un animal entortolligat, mai s\u2019ha de retirar el material que causa l\u2019entortolligament, i s\u2019ha de trucar immediatament al 112 per a procurar una assist\u00e8ncia veterin\u00e0ria que augmenti les possibilitats de recuperaci\u00f3 de l\u2019animal. A m\u00e9s, s’ha tractat una tortuga que presentava un ham que va poder ser extret mitjan\u00e7ant endosc\u00f2pia.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s molt important destacar que la troballa de pl\u00e0stics tant a nivell macrosc\u00f2pic com microsc\u00f2pic en l\u2019interior de les tortugues marines t\u00e9 una import\u00e0ncia a diferents nivells: el pl\u00e0stic en si com a contaminant i el pl\u00e0stic actuant com una esponja qu\u00edmica davant subst\u00e0ncies nocives per a la salut, com pot ser el mercuri.<\/p>\n

Aquest elevats percentatges de restes de pl\u00e0stic en el seu interior indiquen que el mar cont\u00e9 gran quantitat de residus d\u2019aquest tipus, i aix\u00f2 influeix no nom\u00e9s en la vida marina, sin\u00f3 en la vida de tots els habitants del planeta, ja sigui pel consum de productes del mar com pel cicle biol\u00f2gic de l\u2019aigua.<\/p>\n

Els oceans s\u00f3n una de les principals reserves de biodiversitat en el m\u00f3n, constitueixen m\u00e9s del 90% de l\u2019espai habitable del planeta i cont\u00e9 unes 250.000 esp\u00e8cies conegudes. Els oceans i la vida que contenen s\u00f3n fonamentals per al funcionament saludable del planeta, ja que subministren la meitat d’oxigen que respirem i absorbeixen anualment un 26% de les emissions antrop\u00f2genes de di\u00f2xid de carboni emeses a l’atmosfera.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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